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 "description": "The Percent Seabed Habitat Disturbance layers show estimated disturbance to the seabed according to each gear type. These datasets constitute the primary outputs from the Northeast Fishing Effects Model (Fishing Effects). The model combines seafloor data (sediment type, energy regime) with fishing effort data and parameters related to the interactions between fishing gear and seafloor habitats to generate percent habitat disturbance estimates in space and time. A higher habitat disturbance level suggests that the seafloor has been more disturbed by that fishing gear. Mobile bottom contact gears generate higher seabed habitat disturbance values than fixed bottom contact gears.\n<br/> <br/>\nData inputs include a benthic sediment/energy map (in Data Explorer category Habitat > Physical) and fishing effort as swept area. Energy classification is based on depth or benthic boundary shear stress data. Data inputs and outputs to Fishing Effects are gridded at a 5 km by 5 km resolution. The model outputs extend only to the shelf break/upper continental slope because this is the limit of fishing activity with bottom-tending gears in the northeast region. The model outputs are monthly estimates of percent seabed habitat disturbance for each of six types of bottom-tending fishing gears (bottom trawl, scallop dredge, hydraulic clam dredge, longline, gillnet, and trap) by grid cell, from 1996-2017. There is also a combined output where all fishing effort across the six gear types is run through the model at once, and the outputs are monthly percent disturbance by grid cell across all bottom-tending gears. Note that while there are types of trawls, longlines, and gillnets that are fished off bottom, those are excluded from modeling efforts. Time sliders in the Portal show monthly model outputs for 3 years (2015, 2016, 2017), whereas the model generated results for 1996-2017. Every cell has a modeled value. The value of each cell represents the proportion of intact seabed habitat that is disturbed during each time step. The proportion of disturbed seabed habitat increases over time because disturbance in each time step of the model is calculated based on the disturbed and intact habitat from the previous time step. Net change in a cell over time is related to the balance between new fishing effort added to the model each month, combined with ongoing seafloor recovery from past impacts.\n<br/> <br/>\nAdditional information about the model can be found on the <a href=\"https://www.nefmc.org/library/fishing-effects-model\" target=\"_blank\">New England Fishery Management Council's Fishing Effects<\/a> page.",
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 "copyrightText": "New England Fishery Management Council, 2020. For questions contact Michelle Bachman, <A HREF=\"mailto:mbachman@nefmc.org\">mbachman@nefmc.org<\/A>",
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